Showing posts with label education. Show all posts
Showing posts with label education. Show all posts

Wednesday, July 8, 2026

Plotter Paths V1.0 webinar by DesignMorphine


August 29


DesignMorphine's webinar Plotter Paths V1.0 teaches a complete Grasshopper workflow for computational pen plotting, from generative geometry to physical output.

Instead of focusing only on design algorithms, the session follows the full making pipeline: 
  • Setting up a paper and machine workspace physically and digitally
  • Creating a simple plotter art algorithm 
  • Cleaning and validating geometry
  • Optimizing drawing order to reduce travel and cycle time 
  • Converting curves into a plottable format
  • Visualizing drawn and travel moves, and creating basic G-code
Participants will learn to think of plotter drawing as machine-aware toolpaths rather than just images or curves. 

The session covers practical production details such as:
  • Margins and bounds checks
  • Plottability warnings and errors
  • Safe return moves
  • Setup commands
  • Paper alignment checks
  • Multi-layer registration techniques
By the end, participants will understand how to build a reusable Grasshopper pipeline for turning computational drawings into cleaner, faster, and more reliable pen plotter outputs.

Monday, April 20, 2026

The Grasshopper Paradox - Tools Agnostic Mind-set

 

The recording of our Educator’s Lab webinar: The Grasshopper Paradox - Tools Agnostic Mind-Set is now available!

In this session, Dr. Milad Showkatbakhsh, Director of AA EmTech, turns a seemingly contradictory idea on its head: To truly master any tool, you must first be free of attachment to it.

Dr. Showkatbakhsh argues that architects are no longer sculptors of form; they are editors of data. He shows how platforms like Grasshopper become truly powerful not when you learn their menus, but when you've already learned to think computationally: breaking complex design challenges into modular, solvable processes the way nature has always done.

If you teach design, practice it, or wonder where architecture is heading, this is a must-watch.

Watch the video now...

More Educator's Lab Webinars...


Tuesday, March 31, 2026

Timber Segmented shell in Pyrenees by MPDA BarcelonaTech


The MPDA Master’s program at UPC School concludes each year with a built project that brings together innovation, sustainability, and community engagement. 

This edition took place in Alp, a mountain town in the Catalan Pyrenees, where students and faculty fully designed, engineered,  and built a new sports pavilion as a lightweight public structure for the local community.

Developed in just four months, the project combined computational design in Grasshopper, structural analysis with Karamba3D, and digital fabrication via Cadwork to create an efficient segmented timber shell. The structure is formed by planar n-gon modules shaped as an antifunicular ribbed system, with optimized joints and a fabrication process that balanced precision, structural performance, and manufacturability. Components were produced with CNC machining at Tallfusta and LaserPenta, and pre-assembled before transport.

The final construction in Alp took place over one intensive week, during which students and faculty installed the foundation, assembled the prefabricated elements, and placed the protective membrane. Beyond the pavilion itself, the project offered a full-scale learning experience that connected advanced parametric design with real construction, leaving behind a sustainable and meaningful space for the town.

Credits
  • Collaborator institution: Alp Municipality
  • Students: Khalid Abbood, Bilgenur Balkiz, Mihir Bhamare, Agustina Couzier, Arvind Das, Rahel Degu, Helly Desai, Youssef Essam, Davis Gan, Sara Guessous, Pravin Kandasamy, Maciej Król, Dana Mneimneh, Jaume Monclús, Nathaly Osorio, Tomás Pérez, Sayed Sanobar, Sena Sezer, Damla Şişman, Anna Solà, Maria Tzavida, Martin Uquillas, Mehad Yasser.
  • Faculty: Gerard Bertomeu, Quim Escoda, Enrique Soriano, Pep Tornabell, Rafael Hellín, Bruno García.
  • Guest Professors: Almudena Majano, Antonio Lara, Matthew Tam, Simon Vorhammer
  • Sponsors: Rothoblaas, Festool
  • Fabrication Partners: Tallfusta, Sumeplast, Garnica, Laserpenta, Piloedre, Tecnodimension
  • Software partners: Karamba3D, Cadwork
  • Acknowledgments: Maria Tiana, Topografía Cerdanya, and always to Daniel Piker
  • Photography: Andrés Flajszer, Arvind Das

MPDA Master’s program at UPC School

Over ten successful editions, MPDA has trained new generations of computational designers from around the world, many of whom now work at leading international design and engineering offices.

Want to enroll? The next information session will be held on April 14th at 14:00.

MPDA is a 60 ECTS one-year program, 4 months online and 5 months in person. During the program, you will learn advanced computational design tools and apply them to the design and construction of a numerically optimized, digitally fabricated building.


Wednesday, March 4, 2026

Window Atlas Graz & Door Atlas Graz – 3D Documentation of Architectural Elements


TU Graz would like to share two recent publications: Fensteratlas Graz and Türatlas Graz, edited by Milena Stavric, Urs Hirschberg, and Britta Nader at Graz University of Technology. 

The books document a wide range of historic windows and doors from Graz, reconstructed through detailed 3D models and analytical drawings. The elements are carefully modeled to reveal their construction logic and components—from window frames and shutters to door panels, handles, hinges, locks, and opening mechanisms.

The atlases combine 3D visualizations, exploded views, typological comparisons, and construction details, offering a useful reference for architects, educators, and students interested in precise architectural modeling.

The books are available as free e-books, and printed editions can also be ordered.



Friday, November 28, 2025

Computational Food Design: Teaching Rhino & Grasshopper with Edible Briefs


The recording of our Educator’s Lab webinar: Computational Food Design: Teaching Rhino & Grasshopper with Edible Briefs is now available!

In this mouth-watering session, architect and Authorized Rhino Trainer Jose Antonio Carrillo reveals how he fuses architecture, gastronomy, and digital fabrication with Rhino 8 and Grasshopper to make computational design instantly tangible and engaging for students.

He walks us through his first food-inspired architecture project, the touching story of how the Ribbon Chapel shaped one of his designs, and how these inspirations evolved into chef collaborations, award-winning student outcomes, a demo that both teaches and inspires you to design your own cakes, and his latest cross-disciplinary research.

If you’re seeking fresh teaching strategies, new ways to engage students, or love seeing computation meet cuisine, this recording is a must-watch.


Watch the video now...

More Rhino User Webinars...


Friday, November 14, 2025

Rhino User Meeting Graz - November 26, 2025


Join Rhino3D-Shop, McNeel Europe, and TU Graz for a Rhino User Meeting in Graz on November 26, 2025.

An informal gathering of Rhino and Grasshopper users in the fields of
 Design and AEC (Architecture, Engineering & Construction).

Location:

TU Graz
HÖRSAAL HS I
Raumnr. : ATK1120H
Alte TechnikRechbauerstraße 12 / 1. Kellergeschoß
8010 Graz

Date & Time:

November 26, 2025
13:00-18:00h

Program:

Language: German

Included: Snacks and drinks


Tuesday, November 11, 2025

Computational Food Design: Teaching Rhino & Grasshopper with Edible Briefs



How do you make computational design instantly tangible and unforgettable for students? In this Educator's Lab webinar, architect and Authorized Rhino Trainer Jose Carrillo (American University in Dubai) reveals a classroom-proven framework that fuses architecture and gastronomy to teach Rhino 8 + Grasshopper with clarity, high engagement, and chef-industry collaborations. Jose shares concise teaching methods, standout student outcomes, awards, an edible Grasshopper live demo, and case studies you can adapt tomorrow. He also opens his research and professional pipelines, demonstrating how computational design connects architecture, gastronomy, AI, and art to produce fabricable, edible, and publishable results.

About the speaker:

Jose Carrillo is an architect, educator, and Ph.D. researcher in computational food design. He explores how AI, biomaterials, and digital fabrication can redefine our perception of sight, taste, and construction. An Authorized Rhino Trainer and associate professor at AUD since 2015, he founded @archEatable to teach Rhino + Grasshopper across architecture, art, and culinary practice. Jose coaches architects, artists, and chefs on computational workflows that move from screen to fabrication and plates. His work has been exhibited at the Venice Architecture Biennale, Art Dubai, and the Sikka Art & Design Festival.


Tuesday, August 5, 2025

Free Land Kit Lab Licenses for schools

 






LANDAU Design+Technology is offering free Land Kit Lab Licenses to accredited educational institutions. With a Lab License, schools receive access for up to 30 students.


This commitment to supporting the next generation of landscape thinkers and makers provides students with a hands-on way to explore terrain modeling, planting strategies, and site planning workflows in Rhino and Grasshopper.


If you’re part of an academic institution and have permission to administer software to students, request your Lab License and join a growing community of educators exploring the future of computational landscape design.

Friday, June 27, 2025

Rhinoceros on IRC list for Washington State!


Rhinoceros is on the Washington State IRC list!

Washington Industry Recognized Certification (IRC)
State Approved Industry Recognized Credentials List
#139 Rhino Certified Level 1 and 2 Specialist Manufacturing Skilled & Technical Sciences 

  • Here are the details on how to get started with the Rhinoceros testing at your school.
  • Once the student has earned their certification, the teacher reports it to the CTE Director, who then informs the OSPI. 
  • Perkins Funds may be available to your school for each certification. Ask your CTE Director for details.
  • See the complete list of Washington State IRC Software here.

Congratulations to the Rhinoceros community and all users in industries that recommended Rhinoceros be added to the State of Washington IRC software list.

Reference links:
CEDARS (Comprehensive Education Data and Research System)
Appendix AK - Industry Recognized Certification Codes 2025-26: Rhino #139

Questions?
Email Mary Ann Fugier mary@mcneel.com
McNeel Technical Support and Training
Seattle, WA

Friday, June 20, 2025

Are you graduating this quarter? Get a Rhino license at an 80% discount!

 


Are you graduating this summer?
Get a Rhino license at an 80% discount!

If you graduate this quarter, don't lose the opportunity to purchase a Rhino permanent license with an 80% discount.


Unlike other academic software, you are encouraged to use the Rhino educational license for commercial purposes.

On top, Rhino Educational licenses:

  • DO NOT expire
  • DO NOT require subscriptions
  • DO NOT have maintenance or support fees
  • DO NOT have watermarks
For more information, visit www.rhino3d.com/edu
To order an educational license, visit www.rhino3d.com/sales 

 More resources for learning Rhino...
Job opportunities...


Thursday, June 5, 2025

Fluidic Expressions V2.0 Webinar by DesignMorphine



The Fluidic Expressions V2.0 webinar by DesignMorphine explores advanced architectural design using Rhino, with a focus on the SubD modeling technique.

Fluidic Expressions V2.0 explores the synthesis of dynamic geometries into spatial narratives that immerse an environment in the highest realms of technical expertise and emotional connection. The session aims to teach participants how to create futuristic, fluid, and organic architectural forms by mastering the control of edges and surfaces in complex digital models.

This DesignMorphine webinar covers tangible design strategies as well as cutting-edge methodologies, designed to further expand your creative power, sharpen your architectural sense, and transport your expression to higher planes of clarity and flexibility.

More information and registration...


Monday, May 19, 2025

The IAAC Global Summer School 2025 workshops and IAAC Nodes network are back (July 7-25, 2025)


The Institute for Advanced Architecture of Catalonia (IAAC) in Barcelona announces a new edition of the Global Summer School 2025 (GSS25), marking another milestone fostering global collaboration and innovation in architecture and design.

This July, GSS25 presents an immersive lineup of four workshops exploring advanced architecture and digital fabricationadvanced computationurban data analytics, and artificial intelligence. These workshops are led by IAAC Faculty and Alumni and promise innovative workflows and individual project exploration and development.

GSS25 proposes a unique blend of onsite and online workshops, offering both hands-on experiences at IAAC in Barcelona and digital accessibility through an agile online format. GSS25 students can tailor their learning journey, opting for a two-week onsite workshop in Barcelona or selecting one or more online modules offered throughout July 2025.

Over the years, IAAC has promoted meaningful knowledge and expertise sharing among architectsengineersdesigners, and innovators worldwide. The GSS brings together students from diverse backgrounds to engage with IAAC's network of experts and renowned lecturers.

After four years, IAAC is glad to open its Global Nodes Network, strategic cities worldwide, boosting innovation through onsite GSS workshops led by IAAC alumni in diverse geographic locations. Applicants can therefore choose to join GSS in their preferred node - city - county!

All GSS25 courses include exclusive access to Global Lectures, weekly online gatherings featuring experts from the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry, as well as connecting participants of IAAC nodes located worldwide. These sessions are designed to complement the workshop themes and provide participants with valuable insights and perspectives.

The application deadline with the early bird fees deadline is May 31. 

Monday, February 10, 2025

Apply to ITECH MSc today and transform design and construction!

 

 Are you curious about the future of design, engineering, and construction?

The ITECH MSc Program is accepting applications from students across diverse disciplines until February 15th, 2025 (23:50 MEZ/CET).
 
The Integrative Technologies and Architectural Design Research (ITECH) MSc Program is known for its interdisciplinary, research-oriented, experiment-based education shaped around contemporary aspects of the built environment and practice.

The international program spans two years, featuring a group design research project in the first year and a Master's thesis project in the second year. Additional seminar modules provide a strong foundation and exploration of individual interests while encouraging teamwork and collaboration.
 
In all its phases, ITECH integrates intensive, critical, and analytical approaches with cutting-edge computational techniques, structural and climate engineering, and advanced fabrication and construction technologies in the architectural design process.

The program invites applications from a broad spectrum of fields, including architecture or architectural science, civil/structural engineering, urban planning, biology or biomimetics, material science, computer science, environmental engineering, mechanical engineering, and related engineering and natural science fields.
 
For more detailed information, please visit the ITECH website

Wednesday, December 4, 2024

Workshop: Design and Parametric Fabrication by ControlMAD (Winter Edition)

Winter edition workshop

The course focused on getting knowledge in 3D modeling with Rhinoceros and Parametric Design with Grasshopper, obtaining real results by constructing a large-scale prototype as a final project thanks to digital fabrication tools.

Students not only learn how to 3D model but also implement various strategies to obtain structures of complex models, analyze, calculate, interact with the physical environment, etc., with the chance of manufacturing different models with CNC technology, like cutting lasers, milling machines, and 3D printers. The final goal is to create, design, and 3D model a cool object, prototype, or sculpture using Rhino and Grasshopper and make it real with the digital machines we have.

This X edition will be a hybrid format: Part I full online sessions. Part II (optional) can be followed online or onsite.

Hours: 100
Dates: 24 February-21 March

Part I (Online)
  • 3D Modeling and Rhinoceros
  • Parametric Design with Grasshopper I
  • Parametric Design with Grasshopper II

Part II (Onsite or Online)
  • Digital Fabrication Systems/28 Hours

Tuesday, September 17, 2024

How to Teach Grasshopper Fundamentals, 4-5 and 7-8 November 2024



How to Teach Grasshopper Fundamentals
Online Workshop
4-5 November 2024
7-8 November 2024
4:00 pm-7:30 pm UTC (London)
11:00 am-2:30 pm EDT (NYC)
Hosted on Zoom by McNeel Europe

A four-day course introducing a methodology on teaching the fundamentals of algorithmic design and data structures for computational design using Grasshopper. 

The course is for professional trainers and educators interested in developing curriculums and training materials to teach algorithmic design to students and professionals across various disciplines. It is based on Rajaa Issa's guide, Essential Algorithms and Data Structures for Grasshopper.

Rajaa Issa is a software developer at Robert McNeel & Associates and the author of several geometry and Grasshopper guides on Essential MathematicsAlgorithms and Data Structures, and C# Scripting.


Learning Objectives: After the completion of this course, participants will be able to:
  • Learn strategies to teach how to build algorithms from scratch
  • Develop an in-depth understanding of Grasshopper data structures
  • Learn how to teach complex parametric designs in Grasshopper
Day 1 - Algorithms and Data
  • An introduction to teaching Grasshopper and existing resources
  • How to work with the guide, course exercises
  • Introduction to algorithmic design
  • Designing algorithms from scratch using the 4-step process
  • Data types and data processing in Grasshopper
  • Pitfalls of algorithmic design
  • Tutorial session

Day 2 - Introduction to Data Structures
  • Overview of data structures
  • Lists, list operations, list matching
  • Design algorithms with list data structures
  • Tutorial session

Day 3 - Advanced Data Structures
  • Intro to data trees
  • Basic data tree operations
  • Advanced data tree operations
  • Tutorial session

Day 4 - Advanced Data Structures
  • Advanced data tree operations
  • Tutorial session
  • Discussion: what are good teaching practices for Grasshopper

Online course fees: The course is free. We will confirm your seat after your registration has cleared.

Course requirements: A motivational statement including information about the applicant, their teaching experience, and motivation to take this specific class. The course is for teachers with an intermediate knowledge of Rhino and basic knowledge of Grasshopper.

Maximum number of participants: 25.

Course language: English


Apply now with a short motivational statement (max 150 words) by contacting Verena!


Tuesday, July 23, 2024

XIII Congress of the Spanish Chapter of the European Society of Biomechanics - Pamplona, Navarra, Spain (October 28-29, 2024)


XIII Congress of the Spanish Chapter of the European Society of Biomechanics
Pamplona, Navarra, Spain (October 28-29, 2024)


The Congress of the Spanish Chapter of the European Society of Biomechanics (ESB) was created on July 6, 2011, as the Spanish representation of the European Society of Biomechanics. Its aim is to bring together professionals and researchers in Biomechanics, promote collaboration between universities, clinics, and the business sector, and promote the dissemination of scientific research in Biomechanics in Spain.

For the first time, the congress is coming to Navarra and will be held October 28-29 in Pamplona.

The objectives of the congress are to:
  • Present the lines of work of the different Spanish groups in Biomechanics.
  • Promote the Spanish Chapter and the European Society of Biomechanics within other Spanish groups whose research is in the context of Biomechanics (design, simulation, experiments in Biomechanics).
  • Encourage collaboration between the different groups working in Biomechanics in Spain.
  • Serve as a meeting point for clinicians, doctors, and professionals interested in Biomechanics.
  • Present the advances and new initiatives from the Executive Committee and to gather the opinions of the Chapter members to establish the roadmap for the following year.
Rhino and Grasshopper users are invited to share their research projects and to participate in the congress.

Friday, May 24, 2024

IAAC launches the Global Summer School 2024 - Applications now open!



The Institute for Advanced Architecture of Catalonia (IAAC) in Barcelona just introduced a new edition of the Global Summer School (GSS), marking another milestone in fostering global collaboration and innovation in architecture and design.

For over 14 years, IAAC has been facilitating knowledge exchange and expertise sharing among architects, engineers, designers, and innovators worldwide. The GSS brings together students from diverse backgrounds to engage with IAAC's network of experts and renowned lecturers.

This July, IAAC introduces a new edition of GSS, offering a unique blend of onsite and online workshops. The modular workshop model aims to provide participants with hands-on experiences at IAAC Barcelona while ensuring digital accessibility through an agile online format.

GSS24 presents an exciting lineup of four workshops covering various topics, including the exploration of bamboo architecture and fabrication, advanced computation, urban analytics for participatory design, and artificial intelligence. These workshops, led by IAAC Faculty and Alumni, promise immersive workflows and individual project exploration and development.

Participants in the GSS program will have the flexibility to tailor their learning journey according to their preferences. Whether opting for a two-week onsite workshop in Barcelona at IAAC or selecting one or more online modules offered throughout July 2024, students can expect a dynamic and enriching educational experience.

One of the highlights of GSS24 is the exclusive access to Global Lectures and weekly online gatherings featuring experts from the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry. These sessions complement the workshop themes and provide participants with valuable insights and perspectives.

Agenda & Abstracts

Bamboo at Work Onsite Workshop

The workshop will explore the convergence of parametric tools, digital fabrication, and prototyping within the environment of IAAC Barcelona and Valldaura Labs. It welcomes creatives from architecture, urban planning, digital fabrication, and design seeking a multidisciplinary experience in an international setting.

Dates: 1-12 July 2024
Venue: IAAC Barcelona (Spain)

Advanced Computation for Design Workshop

During the workshop, participants will explore the convergence of advanced computational design, machine learning, and environmental analysis in architecture powered by Python. Students will unlock the potential of data-centric models and Python-based algorithms to revolutionize architectural practice, prioritizing sustainability and environmental considerations.

Dates: 1-5 July 2024
Venue: Online

Urban Analytics for Participatory Design Workshop

The workshop will explore the integration of public participation with digital innovation in urban design, develop urban analytics for participatory design, collect and map citizen inputs for data-driven design of public spaces, and equip students with the skills to engage communities and apply technology in co-designing inclusive urban spaces.

Dates: 8-12 July 2024
Venue: Online

AI for Regenerative Design Workshop

In the workshop, students will use cutting-edge AI tools including infrared.city for real-time microclimate simulations, multi-modal large language models, stable diffusion models, and advanced computer vision models to develop innovative design workflows for sustainable architectural solutions.

Dates: 15-19 July
Venue: Online


The deadline for applications with the early bird fees is May 31st. 

Tuesday, May 14, 2024

Free "How to Rhino" Workshop for Architects | May 27 to June 6, 2024


Free "How to Rhino" Workshop for Architects
May 27 to June 6, 2024


If you’re an architect or designer and you’ve always wanted to learn Rhino, Grasshopper, or Rhino.Inside.Revit from scratch in a systematic step-by-step way, How to Rhino is hosting a free workshop for architects from May 27 to June 6.

The workshop will be hosted by Dusan and Lazar, Servian architects and founders of the How to Rhino platform, which helps architects learn how to use Rhino and Grasshopper for architecture. How to Rhino is an authorized Rhino Training Center and all of the workshop participants will receive a certificate of attendance at the end.

Topics that will be covered and answered during the workshop:


Rhinoceros
  • I don't know where to start?
  • The interface looks so scary and confusing!?
  • There are no specific Rhino tutorials just for architects that are exactly to the point
  • I need a professional next to me to ask questions
  • I want to start making organic designs that you can't achieve with other programs

Grasshopper
  • What's the logic behind Grasshopper?
  • Grasshopper interface is way too complex
  • Beginner-friendly step-by-step approach
  • Creating Grasshopper scripts from scratch
  • I've never used Grasshopper, I don't know how to start?
  • How to use parametric modeling for architecture with Grasshopper

Rhino.Inside.Revit
  • What is Rhino.Inside.Revit?
  • Connection between Grasshopper and Revit
  • How to do parametric designs in Revit
  • Dynamo vs. Grasshopper
  • Full BIM workflow from Rhino and Grasshopper

During these ten days (May 27 to June 6), there will be four in-depth lectures, four live events, and some surprise guests. The sessions will be recorded if you can’t attend live events, but the content won’t be available after June 6th.

The event is entirely free, but there are limited seats available, so make sure to register and secure your spot as soon as possible.


Monday, March 25, 2024

Grasshopper UK UGM March 2024 – Meeting Notes and Recording



On Wednesday, March 6th, 2024, Simply Rhino held the Grasshopper UK User Group Meeting at The Architectural Association School of Architecture in London. This free event was kindly hosted by the AA [EMTECH} team and delivered to a busy room at their London base.

We have made a full meeting report and invite you to view it below. We hope this is useful for those who were not able to attend and those who joined us but would enjoy a reminder of the presentations. Our thanks to Luca Biselli for his help with the write-up of this meeting.



Tuesday, March 19, 2024

DesignMorphine Masters Y24/25 Degree in Computational Design


DesignMorphine has created a bespoke, accredited, and worldwide recognized 9-month online Master of Science program. It is crafted to be accessible from all corners of the world, and it aims to fulfill the demands of those who seek to exceed and lead in multidisciplinary, advanced, and computational design. The Master of Science Degree is accredited by the University of Architecture, Civil Engineering, and Geodesy (UACEG), founded in 1942 in Sofia, Bulgaria. The program also partners with The Microsoft Garage in New York, Logitech and Pininfarina, hubs for talent and community growth, driving innovation and inspiration. Some students are placed in diverse leading design companies, while others choose to follow a career in academia or create their design firms.

DesignMorphine is an international educational institution that acts as a catalyst for progress. By expanding profusely its diverse multidisciplinary design family, it creates a unique collaborative experience. Technological advancements in advanced and computational design have led to exciting new opportunities that blur the lines and norms of conventional design education and its application. DesignMorphine's mission is to democratize these innovative design practices and allow all fields of design to blend. Today, more than ever, all architects, engineers, and designers (metaverse, interior, vehicle, industrial, animation, fashion, etc.) should be exposed to this mindset and techniques to be on the frontier of the inevitable rapid technological advancement. Over the past ten years, DesignMorphine has had the opportunity to meet and teach thousands of specialists from 84 countries and nurtured their progress and success in some of the biggest companies in the world. The classes are taught by our team of fearless design innovators who have experience in teaching and practice from the best practices worldwide. 

Please visit the Masters Open Day page to view a recording explaining the program and to hear from current students.